A Review on Parenting Styles: Effects on Academic Performance, Emotional Regulation and Behavior

Abstract

This paper critically analyzes how parenting styles influence the academic achievement, emotional regulation and behavior. Research from the past decades indicates that parenting style plays an important role in building the child’s personality, moral ethics, academic performance and emotional stability. The attitudes, values, and the overall emotional climate, by which parents raise their children is called as parenting style. Across studies from 2005-2020, authoritative parenting consistently emerges as the most effective style, fostering positive behavior and intrinsic motivation. In contrast, authoritarian and neglectful parenting is associated with poor academic performance and emotional difficulties. However, in collectivist cultures, the authoritarian parenting is believed as the most effective style and it does not always lead to negative outcomes. This review synthesizes the findings from peer-reviewed studies and some classical studies, and also concludes with implications for parents, educators, and researches, while identifying gaps for further study in cross-cultural and digital-age contexts.