Psychological Well-Being of Parents Raising Children with Autism

Abstract

This systematic review critically examines research published between 2014 and 2024 concerning the psychological well-being of parents raising children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The findings reveal that these parents consistently experience higher levels of psychological distress—especially stress, anxiety, and depression—compared to parents of typically developing children. The review analyzes how caregiving demands, behavioral challenges, social stigma, and lack of systemic support contribute to this mental health burden. It also identifies coping mechanisms, such as mindfulness practices, problem-solving approaches, emotional regulation strategies, and participation in peer support groups, that foster resilience and personal growth. Additionally, the review highlights the impact of socio-demographic variables, including income level, educational background, marital status, and cultural context, on psychological outcomes. Recent studies introducing neurobiological data—such as cortisol biomarkers and brain imaging—shed light on the physiological toll of chronic caregiving stress. Intervention programs, including mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), parent training workshops, and culturally tailored counseling services, have demonstrated significant improvements in parental mental health. By comparing emerging themes with earlier findings, this review outlines evolving trends and calls for holistic, personalized, and culturally responsive support systems that acknowledge both the vulnerabilities and strengths of parents caring for children with autism. These insights have critical implications for future research, public policy, and mental health services.