Gender and Emotional Regulation in Athletes and Non-Athletes

Abstract

This study examines emotional regulation strategies across gender identities (male, female, and transgender) and athletic statuses (athletes and non-athletes) in India, focusing on cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. A cross-sectional design was employed, involving 240 participants (80 males, 80 females, and 80 transgender individuals). Data were collected using the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analysis. Athletes demonstrated significantly higher cognitive reappraisal (M = 5.2, SD = 1.1) than non-athletes (M = 4.5, SD = 1.3, p < .001). Gender differences showed females favoring cognitive reappraisal, while males exhibited higher expressive suppression. Transgender individuals displayed intermediate patterns. Cognitive reappraisal and athletic identity were positively correlated (r = 0.42, p <.001) and it underscores the psychological benefits of athletic engagement. Tailored mental health interventions are crucial to address these differences. Such programs focus on promoting adaptive regulation strategies, especially for non-athletes and transgender individuals, to enhance overall well-being. The findings underscore the psychological benefits of athletic engagement and the importance of inclusivity in mental health support frameworks.