A Comparison of First-Born and Second-Born Siblings on Locus of Control, Conflict Resolution Style, and Adjustment

Abstract

Birth order is hypothesized to influence personality traits such as locus of control, conflict resolution style, and adjustment. This study aimed to compare first-born and second-born siblings on these constructs. A sample of 80 siblings (40 first-born, 40 second-born, aged 16–25 years) was selected through convenience and snowball sampling in Pune, India. Locus of control was measured using Rotter’s Locus of Control Scale (1966), conflict resolution style with the Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument (1974), and adjustment (social and emotional) with the Global Adjustment Scale (Vohra, 1994). Data normality was assessed, revealing non-normal distribution, leading to the use of the Mann-Whitney U test. Results showed no significant differences between first-born and second-born siblings in locus of control (Powerful Others, Chance, Individual Control), conflict resolution styles (Competing, Compromising, Avoiding, Accommodating, Collaborating), or adjustment (Social, Emotional). These findings suggest that birth order may not be a significant determinant of these traits, possibly due to shared familial environments or individual differences. Implications for parenting and counseling are discussed, along with recommendations for future research.