Menstruation and Marginality: Challenges Faced by Transhumant Gujjar and Bakerwal Women in Kashmir

Abstract

Menstruation is a natural biological process that remains hidden in many traditional societies due to stigma. Among the transhumant Gujjar and Bakerwal women of Jammu and Kashmir, the taboo surrounding menstruation is deeply embedded in cultural norms, a lack of awareness, and limited access to menstrual hygiene resources. These nomadic pastoralist communities often face additional challenges due to their migratory lifestyle, geographical isolation, and limited interaction with healthcare services. As a result, menstrual health is frequently overlooked, affecting the dignity, health, and well-being of Gujjar and Bakerwal women. This paper explores the cultural perceptions, lived experiences, and systemic barriers related to menstruation among these women, while highlighting the urgent need for culturally sensitive interventions and awareness campaigns to break the cycle of stigma.