Experiences in Close Relationship, Self-Esteem, and Loneliness Among Undergraduate Students: Gender Difference

Abstract

In today’s fast-paced world, the mental well-being of university students is becoming an increasingly urgent concern, particularly when it comes to feelings of isolation, relational attachment patterns, and self-worth. While these aspects have been studied individually in depth, there is limited research exploring how they interact, especially through the lens of gender differences. This study seeks to fill that gap by examining the connections between attachment styles, loneliness, and self-esteem among university students aged 18 to 25. To assess these factors, participants completed standardised measures, including the UCLA Loneliness Scale (Russell, 1996), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (1965), and the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R). The results revealed distinct gender-based trends: female students were more likely to exhibit anxious attachment tendencies, report higher levels of loneliness, and experience lower self-esteem compared to their male peers. Male students, on the other hand, showed a greater inclination toward avoidant attachment, often suppressing feelings of loneliness through emotional detachment. Across both genders, self-esteem was identified as a key factor influencing loneliness, with secure attachment styles associated with reduced feelings of isolation and improved self-worth. These findings highlight the intricate ways psychological and relational dynamics shape emotional health during the challenging transition to university life. The study emphasises the need for gender-sensitive approaches to support students in building healthier relationships, boosting self-esteem, and reduce loneliness. By designing mental health programs and creating supportive environments that address the unique needs of male and female students, universities can play a important role in promoting overall well-being during this critical developmental phase.