Organizational Citizenship Behaviours in Bank Employees: The Relevance of Positive Psychological Capital

Abstract

The study aimed to investigate the effects of Positive Psychological Capital (PsyCap), type of bank and gender on organizational citizenship behaviours (OCBs) in bank employees. A 2x2x2 factorial design with two type of bank (public & private) x gender (male & female) x two levels of Positive Psychological Capital (high & low) was used and a total of 240 bank personnel participated in the study. Positive Psychological Capital (PsyCap) in employees was determined by using Positive Psychological Capital Scale (Luthans, et.al, 2007) and Organizational Citizenship Behaviours Scale (Podsakoff & Mackenzie,1989) was used to measure organizational citizenship behaviours in employees. Data analysis was done using univariate analysis technique. ANOVA results proved the significant effect of positive psychological capital (PsyCap) in organizational citizenship behaviour (as a whole) and its dimensions. Specifically, employees with high positive psychological capital (PsyCap) exhibited greater level of Altruism, Civic virtue, Courtesy, Conscientiousness and Sportsmanship as compared to low-PsyCap group. Furthermore, results indicate that type of bank exerted influence on all the dimensions of OCB and OCB as a whole as well. Public bank employees showed more OCBs than private bank counterparts. Despite this, gender too played significant role in all dimensions of OCB and OCB as a whole, where female employees exhibited higher OCBs than male employees. Findings of the study have proved the practical relevance that employees with high-PsyCap could contribute to the development of higher level of cooperative and productive behaviours like OCBs which in turn, resulted in effective functioning of the banking management. Findings are discussed.