Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder and Its Psychological Effects on Working Women: A Review

Abstract

This review explores the psychological effects of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) on working women, aiming to understand how PMDD impacts mental health and job performance. PMDD, a severe form of premenstrual syndrome characterized by intense emotional and physical symptoms, marked by mood disturbances, irritability, and anxiety that occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, which can interfere with daily functioning. For working women, these symptoms pose unique challenges, often affecting productivity, interpersonal relationships, and overall quality of life. This paper synthesizes recent studies examining the prevalence of PMDD in employed women and the psychological impacts associated with it, including increased risk for anxiety, depression, and workplace stress. In addition to, this review highlights the need for increased awareness, supportive workplace policies, and effective treatment strategies to help women manage PMDD symptoms. Future research should focus on developing interventions and designed to support women with PMDD and to reduce its effects on their mental well-being and career stability.