The Role of Religiosity in Shaping Psychological Rigidity: Insights into OCD Symptomatology and Coping Mechanisms

Abstract

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a chronic and debilitating mental health condition characterized by persistent intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions) performed in response to these thoughts. These compulsive actions are often aimed at neutralizing the distress caused by the obsessions, creating a vicious cycle of anxiety and ritualistic behavior. Religiosity—the degree to which an individual’s beliefs, practices, and behaviors are influenced by their religious faith—can play a significant role in mental health outcomes. For many, religion provides a source of comfort, meaning, and community, which can enhance resilience and well-being. Scrupulosity can lead to compulsive religious behaviors, such as excessive praying or seeking reassurance, which reinforces OCD-related cognitive rigidity. The dimensions of religiosity—primarily intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity—are critical in understanding this complex relationship. Intrinsic religiosity refers to a personal, internalized belief system in which religious faith is a central part of an individual’s identity and worldview. Intrinsically religious individuals are more likely to use their faith as a source of emotional strength, which may foster greater psychological flexibility and adaptive coping mechanisms in the face of OCD-related challenges. Conversely, extrinsic religiosity is characterized by external, ritualistic engagement in religious practices, often driven by social pressures or the desire for external rewards, such as status or group belonging. Individuals who exhibit high levels of extrinsic religiosity may engage in religious practices for reasons other than spiritual fulfilment, such as adhering to religious rituals out of fear of divine punishment or to gain social approval. In the context of OCD, extrinsic religiosity may reinforce psychological rigidity, as it encourages compulsive, rule-bound behaviors that align with OCD’s characteristic need for certainty and control. Despite the potential impact of religiosity on OCD symptomatology, there is a lack of research that systematically explores how different forms of religiosity influence resilience and psychological rigidity in OCD. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for developing more personalized therapeutic interventions that address both the psychological and spiritual needs of individuals with OCD.