Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Case Series: Neuropsychological Deficits and Psychotherapy Outcomes

Abstract

Background: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a chronic psychiatric disorder characterized by intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions). Neuropsychological deficits, such as impaired executive functioning, cognitive rigidity, and emotional dysregulation, are frequently observed in individuals with OCD. Comorbid conditions, including Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Trichotillomania, and Migraine, further complicate clinical presentation. This case series examines four patients diagnosed with OCD and comorbid conditions, focusing on their neuropsychological deficits and response to psychotherapy. Methods: Each case was assessed using standardized neuropsychological tools, including the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Stroop Test, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), and Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS). Treatment plans incorporated a combination of Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), Habit Reversal Therapy (HRT), and Supportive Psychotherapy over an 8–12 month period. Symptom severity, cognitive flexibility, and emotional regulation were measured pre- and post-therapy. Graphical representations highlight therapy outcomes.