Understanding ADHD: A Comprehensive Analysis of Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Abstract

This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted aspects of Attention-Deficit/‌Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), covering its aetiology, diagnosis, and treatment options. It delves into the neurobiological, genetic, and environmental factors contributing to the development of ADHD, providing a detailed examination of contemporary research findings. The diagnostic process is thoroughly analysed, highlighting the challenges and controversies in accurately identifying ADHD across different age groups. Additionally, the article evaluates various treatment modalities, including pharmacological interventions, behavioural therapies, and alternative approaches, emphasising evidence-based practices and emerging trends. To enhance understanding, the review employs fictional case studies that illustrate the complexities of ADHD diagnosis and management in real-world scenarios. This article serves as a valuable resource for clinicians, researchers, and educators seeking a holistic understanding of ADHD, from its underlying mechanisms to practical considerations in treatment and care.