The Prevalence of Anaemia Among Adolescent Girls in Karnataka: A Literature Review

Abstract

Anaemia, a critical public health issue, affects over 1.6 billion people worldwide, with adolescent girls particularly vulnerable due to increased physiological demands during puberty and menstruation. In India, and specifically Karnataka, adolescent girls face disproportionately high rates of anaemia, with the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) reporting 58.4% prevalence among girls aged 15-19. This article examines the causes, risk factors, and determinants of anaemia among adolescent girls in Karnataka, including poor dietary intake, socio-economic conditions, cultural practices, and the impact of parasitic infections. Government initiatives like the National Iron Plus Initiative (NIPI) and Weekly Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation (WIFS) have aimed to reduce anaemia, yet challenges such as inadequate program implementation, logistical barriers, and lack of education persist. Recommendations include strengthening public health programs, increasing community engagement, and promoting dietary diversification. Addressing these factors through a multi-sectoral approach can help reduce anaemia prevalence and improve the health outcomes of adolescent girls in Karnataka.