Theory of Mind: A Comparative Study Between Neurotypical, Autistic and Specific Learning Disability (SLD) Children (Ages 3-7)

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the Theory of Mind (TOM) capacities in children aged 3 to 7, comparing neurotypical development with that of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD). TOM, the ability to understand and attribute mental states like beliefs and intentions to oneself and others self-desires and understanding false beliefs of others, emotional access and knowledge accessing ability plays a pivotal role in navigating social interactions and relationships, with its developmental trajectory largely established during early childhood. However, individuals with neurodevelopmental conditions, including ASD and SLD, may exhibit delays or impairments in TOM comprehension. Employing a comparative approach, this study aims to assess TOM performance across these three distinct groups of children. A sample from each group will undergo standardized TOM assessments to gauge their understanding. The study’s objective is to discern variations and commonalities in TOM development within neurotypical, ASD, and SLD cohorts. Findings from this study will enhance our comprehension of TOM development among children with neurodevelopmental disorders and potentially inform early intervention and educational strategies tailored to bolster TOM comprehension in these demographics. Through a comparative lens, this research aims to uncover unique challenges and strengths inherent in TOM development among neurotypical, autistic, and SLD cohorts, thus informing interventions aimed at nurturing social cognition and adaptive functioning in these populations.