The Role of Socio-Demographic Factors and Personality Traits in Predicting Suicidal Ideation among Young Adults in India

Abstract

Background: Suicidal Ideation (SI) is considered as key risk indicator for suicidal behavior. Identifying factors that influence SI can help clinicians and policy makers to address those factors early. Objective: To investigate the role of socio- demographic factors and personality traits in predicting SI among young adults in India. Methods: After a prospective survey, responses from 451 young adults (age group of 18-34 years) were considered for analysis. Socio-demographic information was obtained, and personality was assessed using the Big Five Inventory. SI was evaluated using Beck’s Scale for Suicidal Ideation. Characteristics of the sample were outlined using descriptive statistics. Groups were compared using Kruskal Wallis, Mann Whitney U and Chi square tests. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient test and multiple regression analysis were performed to determine the correlation and predictive value of variables on SI. Findings: In the current study, 25% of young adults reported ‘no SI’, 54.9% reported ‘low SI’ and 20% reported ‘high SI’. Significant positive correlation was observed between age and SI scores. Relative frequency of ‘no SI’ was high among science subjects, urban residents and in nuclear families. Neuroticism was found to have significant positive correlation with SI, and agreeableness and conscientiousness have negative correlation with SI. Regression analysis revealed neuroticism and agreeableness as significant predictors of SI. Conclusion: The results indicate that socio-demographic factors and personality traits of an individual have potential to play a crucial role in predicting SI. These inputs help develop specific interventions and prevention measures.