Impulsive Behaviour, Self-Control, and Well-Being Among Adolescents

Abstract

Adolescence marks a period of rapid neurodevelopment and emotional change when executive functions, such as impulse regulation and goal-directed behaviour, plays a vital role in shaping mental health outcomes. Deficits in executive functioning are closely linked to increased impulsivity and are present across a range of psychopathologies. This study examines impulsive behaviour, self-control, and well-being among adolescents. The aim is to understand their relationships, the impact of impulsive behaviour on overall well being, and the influence of socio economic status on these constructs, including gender differences. The methodology involved a sample of 60 adolescents, evenly split between males and females, aged 12 to 18, from diverse socio economic backgrounds (middle and low SES). Three tools were employed: the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule – Short Form (PANAS-SF), the Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS), and the UPPS-P Impulsive Behaviour Scale. Data was collected offline using standardized questionnaires. Impulsivity and self-control have a significant negative association, according to statistical analysis (r=-.570, p<.01). Participants from lower socioeconomic backgrounds reported considerably lower levels of impulsivity (t=2.015, p<.05) and self-control (t=2.887, p<.01) than those from middle socioeconomic backgrounds. Negative affect shows a moderate negative correlation with self-control (r=-.473, p<.01), while positive affect correlated weakly but significantly with impulsivity (r = -.265, p < .05). Gender differences were minimal, with only slight variations in emotional affect between males and females. The findings show a moderately significant negative correlation between impulsivity and self-control. There was a slightly negative correlation between negative affect and self-control, and a small but significant positive correlation between positive affect and impulsivity. Significant gender differences were observed in positive affect, with females reporting slightly higher levels, though overall gender effects on impulsivity and self-control were minimal. Interestingly, individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds exhibited significantly higher self-control and lower impulsivity compared to those from middle socioeconomic backgrounds. Emotional affect remained similar across socio-economic statuses. The findings reveal that the role of self-control enhances mental well-being and reduces impulsivity and negative emotions. Self-control plays a crucial role by acting as a factor which protects against impulsivity among adolescents.