An Integrated Theoretical Model of Adolescent Aggression: Bridging Erikson’s Identity Crisis and Patanjali’s Kleshas

Abstract

This paper constructs a novel theoretical framework for understanding adolescent aggression by integrating Erik Erikson’s psychosocial developmental theory with Patanjali’s Yoga sutra. We propose that adolescent aggression emerges from the dynamic interplay between the normative developmental crisis of identity formation and the activation of fundamental psychological afflictions (kleshas). The model posits that Erikson’s “identity versus role confusion” stage provides the essential developmental context, while Patanjali’s kleshas —avidya (metacognitive error), asmita (egoic identification), raga (affective attachment), and dvesha (phenomenological aversion) — illuminate the underlying psychological mechanisms. This East-West synthesis offers a more compassionate and comprehensive understanding, suggesting that aggression is not merely a behavioral dysfunction but a symptomatic expression of deeper existential afflictions ignited by the adolescent quest for self. The paper concludes by discussing implications for clinical practice and educational interventions, and proposes specific directions for future empirical research in cross-cultural developmental psychopathology.