Appetitive Motives and Aversive Motive among Young Adults: A Systematic Review

Abstract

The present systematic review synthesizes existing literature on appetitive and aversive motives among young adults within the framework of the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory. The review was conducted following the guidelines to ensure a systematic and transparent selection of studies. It examines empirical findings related to motivational tendencies and gender differences in reinforcement sensitivity. The literature indicates that appetitive and aversive motivational systems play an important role in shaping approach–avoidance behavior, emotional regulation, and decision-making. However, findings regarding gender differences remain inconsistent and appear to be influenced by sociocultural and developmental factors. The review also highlights the limited number of studies conducted in the Indian context, indicating the need for further culturally relevant research. Overall, the findings suggest that appetitive and aversive motives may operate similarly across genders in certain populations, emphasizing the need for further systematic investigation among young adults.