Influence of Mindfulness and Physical Activity on Biopsychosocial Health among Perimenopausal Women

Abstract

A woman’s journey from infancy to maturity involves several phases, each marked by hormonal and bodily changes. Perimenopause, the transitional phase before menopause, brings significant physical and emotional shifts that can impact overall health, mindset, and quality of life. This study explored the influence of mindfulness and physical activity on bio-psycho-social health among perimenopausal women. Awareness (Aw) refers to the ability to stay present in the moment, while Acceptance (Ac) involves embracing experiences without judgment. Together, these two components form the foundation of mindfulness – being fully present and living in the moment. On the other hand, physical activity plays a key role in enhancing physical health and promoting overall well-being. When combined, mindfulness and physical activity can work synergistically to improve biopsychosocial health—a holistic concept that reflects the balance of biological, psychological, and social well-being. In this 2×3 factorial design study, 401 women aged 40–55 completed the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale (PHLMS) and a self-developed Perimenopausal Biopsychosocial Health Index (PBHI). Analysis using a two-way ANOVA indicated significant main effects as well as interaction effect. Significant main effects were found for both mindfulness and physical activity. Participants who practiced yoga exhibited the highest Perimenopausal Bio-Psycho-Social Index scores (M = 267.32), while those with no physical activity reported the lowest. Interestingly, participants with lower mindfulness scores had higher PBHI scores (M = 250.28) than those with higher mindfulness scores (M = 256.48). These findings underscore the critical role of physical activity, particularly yoga, in enhancing both the physical and mental well-being of perimenopausal women. Incorporating physical activity into interventions may serve as an effective strategy to support overall health during this transformative phase. Moreover, the study highlights the importance of psychological education that integrates both mindfulness practices and physical engagement. Such knowledge can empower perimenopausal women to adopt healthier lifestyle behaviors, thereby enhancing their overall well-being. Additionally, the newly developed Perimenopausal Biopsychosocial Health Index (PBHI) offers a comprehensive tool for assessing multiple dimensions of health among perimenopausal women. This scale holds significant potential for use in future research, clinical assessments, and intervention planning within this population.