Single Parenthood and Adolescent Well-being: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Single parenthood represents nearly one-fifth of households with children worldwide and is frequently linked to poorer adolescent outcomes. Objective: This systematic review synthesises evidence on the psychological, academic, and social consequences of single parenthood for adolescents. Methods: We searched Scopus and Web of Science (January 2010–March 2024) using predefined family-structure, population, and mental-health terms, screening 1,135 records in accordance with PRISMA 2020. Nine studies met all criteria. Results: Seven of nine studies reported significantly higher depressive or anxiety symptoms among adolescents in single-parent households; two longitudinal studies indicated these effects persist over time. Lower self-esteem, poorer academic performance, and increased behavioural problems were also observed, with financial strain and reduced parental monitoring acting as key mediators. Maternal warmth, resilience, and social-support networks emerged as protective factors. Conclusions: Adolescents in single-parent families face elevated mental-health and academic risks, but supportive parenting and community resources can mitigate harm. Policy should integrate financial assistance, parenting programmes, and school-based counselling to address multifaceted needs.