Understanding the Role of Triguna and Mindfulness in Shaping Self-Efficacy among Adults

Abstract

The present study investigates the relationship and predictive roles of Triguna (Sattva, Rajas, Tamas) and Mindfulness (Observing, Describing, Acting with Awareness, Non-judging, and Non-reactivity) in relation to Self-efficacy among adults. A sample of 191 participants from Uttar Pradesh was assessed using the Vedic Personality Inventory (VPI), the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire-15 (FFMQ-15), and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES). Pearson’s correlation and stepwise multiple regression analyses were used to examine the relationships and predictive strength of the variables. Results revealed that Sattva was significantly and positively correlated with self-efficacy and also emerged as its strongest predictor, explaining 34% of the variance. In contrast, Tamas showed a negative correlation, while Rajas had no significant association. Regarding mindfulness, four dimensions—Observing, Describing, Acting with Awareness, and Non-reactivity—were significantly and positively correlated with self-efficacy, with Describing and Observing emerging as significant predictors, accounting for a combined 22% of the variance. Additionally, Sattva was found to be positively related to multiple mindfulness facets, while Rajas and Tamas showed negative correlations with key dimensions. These findings highlight the importance of cultivating Sattvic traits and mindfulness skills, particularly emotional clarity and present-moment awareness, for enhancing self-efficacy in adults. The study integrates traditional Indian and contemporary psychological frameworks, offering culturally relevant insights into personal development and mental well-being.