Impostor Syndrome in Academic and Professional Contexts: A Systematic Review of Prevalence, Psychological Impact, Cultural Influences, and Intervention Strategies

Abstract

Many accomplished individuals struggle silently with constant self-doubt and the fear that they are not truly competent—a pattern known as Impostor Syndrome (IS). Even when their achievements are clear, they often feel undeserving and worry about being exposed as frauds (Clance & Imes, 1978). This review paper explores how IS affects individuals in academic and professional environments, including its psychological consequences, cultural influences, and potential strategies to manage it. Through a systematic examination of current research, the review identifies recurring themes and highlights gaps that need further investigation. The goal is to deepen the understanding of IS and support the development of informed responses—both at the personal and institutional levels.