Innovative Mental Health Interventions for Disaster Survivors: A Narrative Literature Review

Abstract

Background: Disasters, both natural and human-made, have profound effects on mental health, often leading to conditions such as PTSD, anxiety, and depression. Traditional mental health services struggle with accessibility and scalability during crises, highlighting the need for innovative approaches. Objectives: This narrative review aimed to examine innovative mental health interventions for disaster survivors, emphasizing scalability, cultural adaptation, and community involvement. Methods: A systematic search of literature published between 2018 and 2024 was conducted across databases including PubMed, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Studies focusing on disaster mental health interventions that addressed scalability, cultural sensitivity, and community engagement were included. Results: Key interventions identified included technology-driven solutions (e.g., tele-mental health, mobile applications), community-based models (e.g., Community-Based Rehabilitation), and brief psychological therapies such as adapted Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and Psychological First Aid. Socio-ecological strategies fostering resilience and reducing stigma were also noted. Conclusion: Innovative, multi-modal approaches integrating technology, economic support, and community participation are transforming disaster mental health care. Findings highlight the critical need for culturally sensitive, scalable interventions and underscore the importance of embedding psychological first aid training at all levels of disaster response.