Gender Differences in Anxiety and Defence Mechanisms During Pandemic-Induced Isolation: A Quantitative Study in the Indian Context

Abstract

This study investigates gender-based differences in general and pandemic-specific anxiety, and the reliance on various defence mechanisms during pandemic-induced isolation among 200 Indian adults aged 18–45. Data were collected using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS), and Defence Style Questionnaire-40 (DSQ-40). Results indicated that women experienced significantly higher levels of COVID-19-related anxiety than men. However, general anxiety did not significantly correlate with COVID-specific anxiety. Participants also showed a significantly stronger reliance on immature defences compared to mature defences, suggesting emotional regression in response to isolation-related stress. Findings underline the need for gender-sensitive interventions and promotion of adaptive coping strategies in times of public health crises.