Attachment Security and Pet Ownership: Impact on Well-Being and Social Connectedness in Indian Adults – A Quantitative Study

Abstract

This study investigates the relationship between adult attachment styles and emotional pet attachment and how this connection is related to the psychological well-being and social connectedness of Indian adult pet owners. Based on Bowlby’s theory of attachment, the study examines whether individuals with secure and insecure attachment differ in the emotional relationships they develop with companion animals and the psychological results associated with them. A total of 200 Indian adults aged 18 to 45 participated in an online survey using incidental and purposive sampling method. Participants completed the Lexington Pet Attachment Scale (LAPS), the PGI General Well-Being Measure, Social Connectedness Scale, and the Attachment Style Questionnaire. Independent sample t tests showed no significant differences in pet attachment between the secure (M =46.6, SD = 13.6) and the insecure (M =47.6, SD = 15.1) groups, t (198) = 0.209, p = .583, and d = 0.03. Correlation analysis found that in those who are securely attached, the attachment with pets is moderately associated with greater psychological well-being (r = .305, p =.006) and social connectedness (r= .460, p< .001). In individuals with insecure attachments, however, no significant correlation between attachment to pets and psychological well-being (r=.055, p =.553) or social connectedness (r =.042, p =.652). These results indicate that people who are securely bound can derive emotional and social benefits through relationships with pets, but those who are insecurely bound may not experience similar benefits. The study provides culturally relevant insights into the interaction between humans and animals in the Indian context and supports the therapeutic potential of pet relationships, particularly for those with secure attachment style, in improving mental health and social belonging.